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A tag cloud (word cloud, or weighted list in visual design) is a visual representation of text data, typically used to depict keyword metadata (tags) on websites, or to visualize free form text. Tags are usually single words, and the importance of each tag is shown with font size or color.〔Martin Halvey and Mark T. Keane, (An Assessment of Tag Presentation Techniques ), poster presentation at WWW 2007, 2007〕 This format is useful for quickly perceiving the most prominent terms and for locating a term alphabetically to determine its relative prominence. When used as website navigation aids, the terms are hyperlinked to items associated with the tag. ==History== In the language of visual design, a tag cloud (or word cloud) is one kind of "weighted list", as commonly used on geographic maps to represent the relative size of cities in terms of relative typeface size. An early printed example of a weighted list of English keywords was the "subconscious files" in Douglas Coupland's ''Microserfs'' (1995). A German appearance occurred in 1992. The specific visual form and common use of the term "tag cloud" rose to prominence in the first decade of the 21st century as a widespread feature of early Web 2.0 websites and blogs, used primarily to visualize the frequency distribution of keyword metadata that describe website content, and as a navigation aid. The first tag clouds on a high-profile website were on the photo sharing site Flickr, created by Flickr co-founder and interaction designer Stewart Butterfield in 2004. That implementation was based on Jim Flanagan's Search Referral Zeitgeist,〔A copy of Jim Flanagan's Search ''Referral Zeitgeis''t was (available at archive.org ) but has since been blocked. In the comments of a (blog entry ), a user identified as Steve Minutillo attribute the idea to Jim Flanagan, stating that Flanagan's site had such displays in 2002.〕 a visualization of Web site referrers. Tag clouds were also popularized around the same time by Del.icio.us and Technorati, among others. Oversaturation of the tag cloud method and ambivalence about its utility as a web-navigation tool led to a noted decline of usage among these early adopters.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Tag Clouds R.I.P.? )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Death of Tag Clouds )〕 (Flickr would later "apologize" to the web-development community in their five-word acceptance speech for the 2006 "Best Practices" Webby Award, where they simply stated "sorry about the tag clouds.") A second generation of software development discovered a wider diversity of uses for tag clouds as a basic visualization method for text data. Several extensions of tag clouds have been proposed in this context. Examples include Parallel Tag Clouds,〔Collins, C., Viegas, F. and Wattenberg, M., Parallel Tag Clouds to Explore and Analyze Faceted Text Corpora. Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST 2009), pp. 91–98, IEEE, 2009.〕 SparkClouds,〔Lee, B., Riche, N., Karlson, A., and Carpendale, S., (SparkClouds: Visualizing Trends in Tag Clouds ). IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 1182–1189, 2010.〕 and Prefix Tag Clouds.〔Burch, M., Lohmann, S., Pompe, D., Weiskopf, D., (Prefix Tag Clouds ). Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV 2013), pp. 45-50, IEEE, 2013.〕 The Word Cloud Explorer, written in Adobe Flex, combines tag clouds with a number of interactive features for text analysis.〔http://wordclouds.visualdataweb.org/〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「tag cloud」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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